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## java.io
Class Writer

    java.lang.Object
      java.io.Writer

Direct Known Subclasses:
  BufferedWriter, CharArrayWriter, FilterWriter, OutputStreamWriter, PipedWriter, PrintWriter, StringWriter

public abstract class Writer
extends Object

Abstract class for writing to character streams. The only methods that a subclass must implement are write(char[], int, int), flush(), and close(). Most subclasses, however, will override some of the methods defined here in order to provide higher efficiency, additional functionality, or both.

Since:
  JDK1.1
See Also:
  `Writer`, `BufferedWriter`, `CharArrayWriter`, `FilterWriter`, `OutputStreamWriter`, `FileWriter`, `PipedWriter`, `PrintWriter`, `StringWriter`, `Reader`

Field Summary
`protected Object` | `lock` The object used to synchronize operations on this stream.

Constructor Summary
`protected` | `Writer()` Create a new character-stream writer whose critical sections will synchronize on the writer itself.
`protected` | `Writer(Object lock)` Create a new character-stream writer whose critical sections will synchronize on the given object.

Method Summary
`abstract void` | `close()` Close the stream, flushing it first.
`abstract void` | `flush()` Flush the stream.
`void` | `write(char[] cbuf)` Write an array of characters.
`abstract void` | `write(char[] cbuf, int off, int len)` Write a portion of an array of characters.
`void` | `write(int c)` Write a single character.
`void` | `write(String str)` Write a string.
`void` | `write(String str, int off, int len)` Write a portion of a string.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Field Detail

### lock

    protected Object lock

  The object used to synchronize operations on this stream. For efficiency, a character-stream object may use an object other than itself to protect critical sections. A subclass should therefore use the object in this field rather than `this` or a synchronized method.

Constructor Detail

### Writer

    protected Writer()

  Create a new character-stream writer whose critical sections will synchronize on the writer itself.

### Writer

    protected Writer(Object lock)

  Create a new character-stream writer whose critical sections will synchronize on the given object.

Parameters:
  `lock` - Object to synchronize on.

Method Detail

### write

    public void write(int c)
               throws IOException

  Write a single character. The character to be written is contained in the 16 low-order bits of the given integer value; the 16 high-order bits are ignored.

  Subclasses that intend to support efficient single-character output should override this method.

  Parameters:
    `c` - int specifying a character to be written.
  Throws:
    `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

### write

    public void write(char[] cbuf)
               throws IOException

  Write an array of characters.

  Parameters:
    `cbuf` - Array of characters to be written
  Throws:
    `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

### write

    public abstract void write(char[] cbuf,
                               int off,
                               int len)
                        throws IOException

  Write a portion of an array of characters.

  Parameters:
    `cbuf` - Array of characters
    `off` - Offset from which to start writing characters
    `len` - Number of characters to write
  Throws:
    `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

### write

    public void write(String str)
               throws IOException

  Write a string.

  Parameters:
    `str` - String to be written
  Throws:
    `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

### write

    public void write(String str,
                      int off,
                      int len)
               throws IOException

  Write a portion of a string.

  Parameters:
    `str` - A String
    `off` - Offset from which to start writing characters
    `len` - Number of characters to write
  Throws:
    `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

### flush

    public abstract void flush()
                        throws IOException

  Flush the stream. If the stream has saved any characters from the various write() methods in a buffer, write them immediately to their intended destination. Then, if that destination is another character or byte stream, flush it. Thus one flush() invocation will flush all the buffers in a chain of Writers and OutputStreams.

  Throws:
    `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

### close

    public abstract void close()
                        throws IOException

  Close the stream, flushing it first. Once a stream has been closed, further write() or flush() invocations will cause an IOException to be thrown. Closing a previously-closed stream, however, has no effect.

  Throws:
    `IOException` - If an I/O error occurs

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For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java 2 SDK SE Developer Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.

Copyright 2003 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.